The endocannabinoid system (ECS) consists of cannabinoid receptors, endogenous ligands
and the biosynthetic and metabolic enzymes for their formation and degradation. Within the
gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the ECS is involved in the regulation of motility, secretion,
sensation, emesis, satiety and inflammation. Recent studies examining the ECS in the gut–
brain axis have shed new light on this system and reveal many facets of regulation that are
amenable to targeting by pharmacological interventions that may prove valuable for the …