The ATM–Chk2 and ATR–Chk1 pathways in DNA damage signaling and cancer
J Smith, LM Tho, N Xu, DA Gillespie - Advances in cancer research, 2010 - Elsevier
DNA damage is a key factor both in the evolution and treatment of cancer. Genomic
instability is a common feature of cancer cells, fuelling accumulation of oncogenic mutations,
while radiation and diverse genotoxic agents remain important, if imperfect, therapeutic
modalities. Cellular responses to DNA damage are coordinated primarily by two distinct
kinase signaling cascades, the ATM–Chk2 and ATR–Chk1 pathways, which are activated by
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and single-stranded DNA respectively. Historically, these …
instability is a common feature of cancer cells, fuelling accumulation of oncogenic mutations,
while radiation and diverse genotoxic agents remain important, if imperfect, therapeutic
modalities. Cellular responses to DNA damage are coordinated primarily by two distinct
kinase signaling cascades, the ATM–Chk2 and ATR–Chk1 pathways, which are activated by
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and single-stranded DNA respectively. Historically, these …