Preterm and term infants are frequently exposed to high concentrations of oxygen for
prolonged periods. In experimental models, high and prolonged oxygen exposures cause
delayed alveolar septation and a bronchopulmonary dysplasia phenotype. Often, however,
the oxygen exposure is tolerated in that the infants recover without severe lung or systemic
injury. Multiple exposures change oxygen sensitivity in adult and newborn animals.
Examples are antenatal corticosteroids, inflammatory mediators or preconditioning with …