Answer questions and earn CME/CNE The revision of the eighth edition of the primary
tumor, lymph node, and metastasis (TNM) classification of the American Joint Commission of
Cancer (AJCC) for breast cancer was determined by a multidisciplinary team of breast
cancer experts. The panel recognized the need to incorporate biologic factors, such as
tumor grade, proliferation rate, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, human
epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression, and gene expression prognostic panels into …

Several new systemic therapy options have become available for patients with metastatic
breast cancer, which have led to improvements in survival. In addition to patient and clinical
factors, the treatment selection primarily depends on the tumor biology (hormone-receptor
status and HER2-status). The NCCN Guidelines specific to the workup and treatment of
patients with recurrent/stage IV breast cancer are discussed in this article.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the most frequent cause of cancer death
among women worldwide. Breast cancer is a complex, heterogeneous disease classified
into hormone-receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 overexpressing
(HER2+) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) based on histological features.
Endocrine therapy, the mainstay of treatment for hormone-responsive breast cancer involves
use of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), selective estrogen receptor …